Prime Period Theory

Rhythmic Undertone Series

The mathematical mirror

The Rhythmic Undertone Series is the mathematical mirror to the Rhythmic Overtone Series. Where the overtone series is generated by dividing a master beat—creating accelerating rhythms and producing $d:1$ ratios—the undertone series is generated by multiplying the period. This results in decelerating rhythms, producing ratios of $1:d$ relative to the fundamental period.

Core mechanism

Instead of an inter-onset ratio of $d:1$ (representing $d$ events in the space of one master beat), the undertone series uses a ratio of $1:d$, representing one event spanning $d$ master beats. This expands the inter-onset interval rather than subdividing it.

The inter-onset ratios for the first few beats map as follows:

  • $1:1$ = Unison (the fundamental period)
  • $1:2$ = The octave below
  • $1:3$ = The Perfect 5th descending
  • $3:4$ = The Perfect 4th descending to So below Do

Pitch-class circle mapping

This arithmetic inversion has a direct geometric counterpart. Just as the rhythmic overtone series maps to clockwise movement on a pitch-class circle, the rhythmic undertone series visually and mathematically maps to counter-clockwise movement.

See also

Knowledge Graph